Uniquely, the Act provided for the compensation of slave owners. It recognized the owners' loss of what was then legally considered property and offered financial reimbursement. This was a pragmatic approach to appease those who might oppose abolition on economic grounds.

Slave owners were required to file a petition to claim compensation. This petition needed to demonstrate their loyalty to the Union. This requirement was important because the Civil War was fundamentally a conflict between the Union (the North, where slavery was generally prohibited) and the Confederacy (the South, where slavery was integral to the economy and social structure).

The petition included a list of enslaved individuals owned, along with their estimated value. Additionally, owners had to provide detailed descriptions of each enslaved person, including physical characteristics. This level of detail was likely intended to prevent fraud and ensure that compensation was accurately calculated.

The requirement to record the physical characteristics of enslaved individuals reflects the dehumanizing aspect of slavery, where people were treated as property to be cataloged and valued based on physical attributes.

The passage of the D.C. Compensated Emancipation Act was a landmark event. It set a precedent for compensated emancipation, a concept that was discussed (but ultimately not implemented) as a broader solution to the issue of slavery in the United States. It also signaled a shift in federal policy towards a more active role in the abolition of slavery, culminating in the Emancipation Proclamation by President Abraham Lincoln later that same year.